Since fluorine is a highly toxic substance, its normal concentration should not exceed 0.5 — 1 mg/l of water.
Excessive fluoride content in clean tap water can cause a persistent violation of bone mineralization and destruction of tooth enamel (fluorosis), and if its concentration exceeds the norm by 4-6 times, a person may develop severe toxic damage to the bone marrow, nervous system and other organs.
Excess fluoride in water fluoridation can be suspected by the presence of any chemical odor, since it most often gets into clean tap water with industrial waste. But not always — natural fluorine compounds in elevated concentrations may be contained in the water of artesian wells.
Methods of water purification from fluoride
1. Ion exchange method using selective ionites
Its essence consists in extracting fluorine ions from water and replacing them with safe hydrogen or sodium ions. As sorbents (materials on the surface of which ion exchange occurs) are used:
- aluminum oxide;
- anionites — ion exchange resins;
- various types of activated carbon (SCT, BAU, CAD);
- hydroxyapatite;
- aluminum oxides and hydroxides (magnesia sorbents).
2. Sorption method
It consists in filtering water through a bulk material capable of entering into chemical reactions with fluoride ion. Remove fluoride from water very well. As sorbents are used:
- tricalcium phosphate;
- aluminum hydroxide;
- magnesium hydroxide.
3. The reverse osmosis method
Is the process of passing water through a semipermeable membrane capable of detaining fluoride compounds.
Filtration system completely remove rust, heavy metals, hardness salts and other impurities from the water, as well as most of the known bacteria and viruses. Designed for mechanical removal of sand, dirt, scale and other large particles from incoming tap water.
In filtration system of different manufacturers, the number of pre-cleaning alumina filters can include from 1 to 5 cartridges. Remove fluoride from water very well.
4. Electrocoagulation
Binding of fluorine by electrolytic dissolution of aluminum anodes in water.
Filters used to purify clean water from fluoride at home
Most often, gravity filters flow-through reverse osmotic and water gravity filter pitchers are used to defluorinate water in small houses that are not connected to the local water supply, as well as for additional water treatment in apartments. Let’s look at several popular models.
Household filter harmful chemicals. This effective filtration system cleans water from fluorine and other impurities by passing through a sorbent (activated carbon) and a membrane system (filtration system). Three—stage cleaning system (3 cleaning flasks), maximum capacity – 200 liters/ day.
Household flow gravity filters are a four—stage water purification system by sorption and reverse osmosis method. The maximum capacity is 200 liters/day.
Household filter reduce fluoride exposure – Four stages of fluoridated water purification from various contaminants, including fluorine, by filtration through sorbent and reverse osmotic membranes. The maximum capacity is 400 liters/day.
Household filter A-460E with a water tank (12 liters) of the Atoll brand (Russia — USA). Four—stage fluoridated water purification by filtration and reverse osmosis systems, maximum capacity – 10 liters /hour. Effective removal of fluorine and other types of contaminants (mechanical, chemical, bacterial).
HIDROTEK RO-100G-A01 household filter (China) with a water tank (12 liters). A five-stage level of water purification by filtration through sorbents and a reverse osmotic membrane. The maximum capacity is 540 liters/day.
Effective cleaning of many types of contaminants, including fluorine. Remove fluoride from water very well.
Household filter TGI GTS-550 M of the American brand TGI Pure Water System. Equipped with a fluoridated water tank with a capacity of 12 liters. A five-stage water treatment system using sorbents and membrane filtration. Capacity — up to 130 liters / day.
Bottled water purification systems for the house are selected based on chemical analysis of water. As well as personal needs of water consumption, since most household filtration systems, with a similar quality of water treatment, differ primarily in performance.
How do you remove fluoride from water naturally?
To remove fluoride from water naturally, you can use seven of the simplest and most common methods. Among them there are both familiar and obvious ways for us, and new ones.
- Boiling tap water is perhaps the simplest and most cost-effective way to remove fluoride from water. Boiling water allows you to quickly get rid of fluoride, also boiling water gets rid of many other substances. Boiling water is a time consuming process.
- Tulsi is a plant that is also called sacred basil because of its religious significance in Indian culture.
- Carbon filters or activated alumina is also a common and simple way to use one of the main components that is in the filter.
- Jugs for water filter are an easy way, but economically more expensive. Here we must not forget about the rules of use, the timing of the filter change. Look carefully so that the filter can clean it from fluorine.
- Distillers are a household appliance in which distillation takes place (from Lat. distillatio – “dripping”) liquids. With its help, distilled water can be obtained, which is ideal for use as a coolant, but unsuitable for drinking or cooking.
- Gravity-fed filters are a method of filtering impurities from solutions using gravity to pull liquid through the filter. The two main types of filtration used in laboratories are gravity and vacuum/suction.
- Gravity filtration is often used in chemical laboratories to filtration process sediments from precipitation reactions, as well as desiccant, unacceptable by-products or remaining reagents. Although it can also be used to separate solid products, vacuum filtration is more commonly used for this purpose.
- Reverse osmosis filters – is the process of passing water through a semipermeable membrane capable of detaining fluoride compounds. Remove fluoride very well.
Does a water filter remove fluoride?
One of the ways to remove fluoride from water are reverse osmosis filter.
The osmosis process is based on the property of water to equalize the level of impurities in solutions separated by a membrane. The holes in this membrane are so small that only water molecules can pass through them.
If the concentration of impurities is increased in one of the parts of such a hypothetical vessel, water will begin to flow there until the density of the liquid in both parts of the vessel is leveled.
Reverse osmosis gives the exact opposite result. In this case, the membrane is not used to equalize the density of the liquid, but in order to collect clean water on one side, and on the other — a solution as saturated with impurities as possible. That is why this process is called reverse osmosis.
Schematically , the principle of reverse osmosis can be described as follows:
- Water comes from the water supply system to the pre-treatment water filter.
- Then the liquid undergoes a reverse osmosis filter procedure.
- The purified water enters the storage tank.
- The concentrate containing filtered impurities is moved to the sewer.
- Clean water from the storage tank enters the tap for clean water directly or through additional devices.
Thus, the reverse osmosis system is a set of devices that provide an opportunity to obtain drinking water with a high degree of purification. Until recently, such systems were used mainly in industry, at catering establishments, health facilities, etc. Remove fluoride from water very well.
Does a Brita filter remove fluoride?
The Brita filter fluoride belongs to sink water filters to remove fluoride, so it is best suited for purifying water in which fluoride is stored. Brita is a company that has established itself in the market as a good filter fluoride at the best price.
The water filter pitcher substances that are part of this filter allow you to get rid of all kinds of contaminants, both physical and chemical. The Brita filter fluoride from water works on the same principle as all other fluoride optimal water quality filters, that is:
Water comes from the drinking water supply system to the pre-treatment fluoride water filters.
- Then the liquid undergoes a other contaminants.
- The purified drinking water enters the storage tank.
- The concentrate containing water filter pitchers impurities is moved to the sewer.
- Clean filtered water from the storage tank enters the tap for clean filtered water directly or through additional devices.
A high degree of purification and guaranteed quality of drinking water is the main advantage of remove fluoride from water. It is estimated that the content of foreign substances in the water purified by this method is ten times lower than the minimum permissible norm.
The design features of the membrane exclude accidental ingress of contaminants into the flow of purified water.
Such water can be safely used for drinking and cooking, it can be given to children and pets.
For health, water obtained by reverse osmosis technology is much more useful than boiled tap water. Aquarists use such water to supplement the volume of aquariums without settling.
Despite the more complex design compared to conventional household water filtration systems, the installation of such systems is carried out without any problems.
Everything necessary for installation is usually supplied as a set. Almost all elements or their modifications can be purchased separately. Remove fluoride content very well.
The system does not take up too much remove fluoride levels from water, most often the tank and a set of ro system with a membrane are fixed directly under the sink. And a compact faucet for drinking water installed on the sink usually fits perfectly into the interior.
How can I remove fluoride from water cheaply?
The cheapest way is to boil water – this method is completely fluoride free. Also, one of the ways that will allow you to remove fluoride levels from water cheaply will be activated alumina. This method is completely fluoride free too.
Activated alumina will attract all the particles of fluorine to itself. Activated charcoal is very cheap and one package may be enough for you for a couple of months with average use.
Next in terms of cost are filters, there is a different pricing policy. It all depends on which one you need. As a rule, conventional jugs with filters are cheaper than filtration systems.
What else can be other contaminants in water besides fluoride?
Chlorine
Chlorine enters the liquid due to the disinfection system used by water treatment plants. However, drinking such water is not recommended, because it will lead to a decrease in the body’s immune system, can cause an allergic reaction, bronchial asthma, cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis and even cancer.
Bromine
This element is quite often found in nature as part of chemical compounds. Liquid with bromine elements is dangerous to drink, because it can cause disruption of the human nervous system.
Boron
If you use water, which includes a large amount of boron, you can achieve complete dehydration of the body.
Iodine
This chemical element is useful for the human body in certain quantities. However, drinking water with a high content of iodine is strictly prohibited, because it is dangerous for health.
Arsenic
Arsenic is very toxic and therefore dangerous for our body. Arsenic harmful impurities in the water are extremely undesirable, since the use of such a liquid will develop an endemic goiter.
Pesticides
Many harmful impurities in the water can cause poisoning. Pesticides, in addition, cause a lot of allergic diseases and diathesis. The consumption of water with pesticides in large quantities is the cause of chronic diseases, adversely affects the development of children, causing them anomalies of various kinds.
Chemical fertilizers
Phosphates, nitrates, nitrites and polyphosphates are all chemical fertilizers. Large mechanical impurities. Large mechanical impurities in the water are sand, clay, rust particles, mineral deposits, etc.
Iron
Iron is found in huge quantities in both artesian and surface waters. If drinking water contains too much iron, then there is a high probability of liver diseases, a decrease in the reproductive capacity of the body, an increase in the risk of heart attack and allergic reactions.
Manganese
Manganese is also quite common in the composition of harmful impurities in water. It develops anemia and adversely affects the human nervous system.
Chrome
Scientists have proven that the high content of chromium in water contributes to the rapid development of cancer in the human body. This element is extremely dangerous for its toxicity.
Mercury
This chemical element and its compounds negatively affect protein metabolism in the human body, mercury also disrupts the central nervous system
Lead
Lead is considered the most toxic metal, which also allows it to be attributed to the group of harmful impurities in water.
Such harmful impurities in water as calcium and magnesium can accumulate in the body, eventually leading to the deposition of kidney stones and blockage of blood vessels.
In any case, do not drink hard water if you do not want serious health problems. Other contaminants dangerous too.
What diseases can fluoride cause?
Fluoride exposure itself is poisonous and can cause burns. But we need it for normal life. In the body, fluoride is present in the form of compounds with calcium and phosphorus and strengthens bone tissues, including tooth decay. Lack of fluoride levels leads to caries.
And yet an excess of this element is no less dangerous: teeth become brittle, there is a risk of fluorosis and other diseases of the body. On this page we will give answers to questions about the signs of fluorosis, the causes and treatment of this disease.
Fluorosis is a chronic disease affecting the tooth enamel. It develops for years under prolonged exposure to fluoride on the body. The disease manifests itself in the form of multiple pigment spots on the enamel, more often on the upper teeth. But what is surprising is that fluoride toothpaste are very popular.
Also, with an increased content of fluoride exposure in the body, there are problems with:
- the nervous system;
- problems with bone strength (as studies have shown, in regions where there is an increased content of fluoride concentration in water, the percentage of fractures is increased);
- nephrotoxicity caused by fluoride is kidney damage due to toxic levels of fluoride in the blood serum, usually due to release of fluorine from fluoride removal preparations such as methoxyflurane. Fluoride removal out of the water will help prevent further illness along with medications.
Conclusion
Removing fluoride from water necessarily. Removing fluoride will allow you to protect yourself and your family. Fluoride intake has a very negative effect on health. Water passes through the whole body, which is why it should be clean.